The R t rose to 1.6 by early December, 5 6 suggesting that the epidemic was not contained. 4Įven though Brazil was clearly experiencing one of the world’s most rapidly growing COVID-19 epidemics, 3 4 resumption of football activities occurred on June 14, when the R t in São Paulo was 1.01. 3 Successive nationwide seroprevalence surveys conducted from 14– to 4–7 June 2020 confirmed a rapid increase in SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence from 1.9% (95% CI 1.7% to 2.1%) to 3.1% (95% CI 2.8% to 3.4%). 3 The case reproduction number (R t) was estimated to be 3.1 (95% Bayesian credible interval=2.4 to 5.5), with credible intervals being comparable with those of the worst-hit countries. By, 514 200 COVID-19 cases, resulting in 29 314 deaths, had been reported in 75.3% (4196 of 5570) of municipalities across all five administrative regions of Brazil. In March 2020, social distancing measures were implemented by São Paulo authorities, which included the suspension of football (soccer) competitions.

1 São Paulo, the country’s largest metropolis with a population of over 44 million people, recorded over 3.55 million PCR–confirmed COVID-19 cases, 2 corresponding to approximately one-fifth of Brazilian cases. Brazil continues to be severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, accounting for approximately 13% of deaths worldwide by June 2021 (>500 000 reported deaths).

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